Input Parameters
Flight Suit Parameters
Flight Profile
AFSG Configuration
Turbine Flywheel Parameters
Advanced Parameters
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Power Budget Analysis
Turbine Flywheel Analysis
Operational Flight Envelope
Flight Endurance Projection
Maintenance & Lifecycle Analysis
Sensitivity Analysis
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AFSG mass vs. power density — generation capacity, load percentage, and endurance classification.
Scientific References & Standards
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Peer-Reviewed Sources, Textbooks & Regulatory Standards Underlying This Tool
Category A: Flywheel Energy Storage
[1] Li, X. & Palazzolo, A. "A review of flywheel energy storage systems: state of the art and opportunities." Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 46, 103576, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2021.103576.Used in: Flywheel Energy Storage (Card 04), Flywheel Dynamics (Card 05) — flywheel energy density, magnetic bearing technology, carbon fiber rotor properties, cycling behavior, charge/discharge modeling.
[2] Yangoz, C. & Erhan, K. "High-Speed Kinetic Energy Storage System Development and ANSYS Analysis of Hybrid Multi-Layered Rotor Structure." Applied Sciences, Vol. 15(10), 5759, 2025. DOI: 10.3390/app15105759.Used in: Flywheel Energy Storage (Card 04) — carbon fiber composite rotor energy density improvements (10-23% enhancement), hybrid multi-layered rotor validation, tip speed analysis.
[3] Genta, G. "Kinetic Energy Storage: Theory and Practice of Advanced Flywheel Systems." Butterworth-Heinemann, 1985. ISBN: 978-0-408-01396-3.Used in: Flywheel Energy Storage (Card 04), Flywheel Dynamics (Card 05) — rotational kinetic energy E = ½Iω², moment of inertia calculations, gyroscopic torque analysis, counter-rotation cancellation.
Category B: Axial Flux Motor Technology
[4] YASA Limited. "Axial Flux Motor Achieves 59 kW/kg Peak Power Density." Press Release, Oxford Innovation Centre, October 22, 2025.Used in: AFSG Power Generation (Card 02) — peak power density benchmark, compact scalable design validation, power density range (4-6 kW/kg) contextualization.
[5] Woolmer, T.J. & McCulloch, M.D. "Analysis of the Yokeless And Segmented Armature Machine." IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC), 2007. DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.2007.382753.Used in: AFSG Power Generation (Card 02) — YASA topology fundamentals, yokeless and segmented armature architecture for compact high-power-density motor/generator design.
Category C: Aerodynamics & Drag
[6] Hoerner, S.F. "Fluid-Dynamic Drag: Practical Information on Aerodynamic Drag and Hydrodynamic Resistance." Published by the author, 1965.Used in: Power Demand (Card 01) — drag coefficient estimation for human-form factor in flight, frontal area approximation, drag power P = ½ρCdAv³.
[7] Anderson, J.D. "Fundamentals of Aerodynamics," 6th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education, 2017. ISBN: 978-0-07-339810-5.Used in: Power Demand (Card 01), Operational Envelope — atmospheric density variation with altitude ρ(h), drag power calculations, compressibility effects at high subsonic speeds.
Category D: General Physics & Constants
[8] Halliday, D., Resnick, R. & Walker, J. "Fundamentals of Physics," 11th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, 2018. ISBN: 978-1-119-30685-0.Used in: All cards — rotational mechanics (E = ½Iω², I = ½mr²), power/energy relationships, Newton's laws, unit conversions.
[9] NIST. "Fundamental Physical Constants — CODATA 2018." National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce.Used in: All cards — g = 9.80665 m/s², air density at STP, unit conversion factors.
Category E: Proprietary References
[10] Radford, J. "Hollow Physics III — Multi-Field Magnetic Propulsion: The Principles of Recursive Mobility." JRAD Magnetic Flight Systems & Technology, 2026.Used in: Entire tool — doctrinal foundation for AFSG integration with magnetic propulsion architecture, energy recycling principles, and operational flight envelope definition.
[11] JRAD Magnetic Flight Systems & Technology. "JMPS Magnetic Propulsion Flight Sizing Engine," Technical Tool HP-PROP-001, 2026.Used in: Cross-referenced propulsion coil parameters, power demand values, and flight performance data. HP-AFSG-001 is designed as a companion tool.
[12] JRAD Magnetic Flight Systems & Technology. "JMPS Flight Suit Rear Field Sizing Engine," Technical Tool HP-RF-001, 2026.Used in: Cross-referenced rear field coil count and power consumption values.
REFERENCE TRACEABILITY: Each formula and assumption in this tool is traceable to one or more of the references listed above. References [1]-[9] are publicly available, peer-reviewed or standards-body publications. References [10]-[12] are proprietary publications by JRAD Magnetic Flight Systems & Technology.
Reference Formulas & Constants
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Key Formulas
Rotational kinetic energy: E = ½Iω² [J]
Moment of inertia (solid cylinder): I = ½mr² [kg·m²]
Angular velocity: ω = RPM × 2π/60 [rad/s]
Usable energy: E_usable = ½I(ω_max² − ω_min²) [J]
AFSG power output: P = m_afsg × ρ_power [kW]
Aerodynamic drag power: P_drag = ½ρC_dAv³ [W]
Air density vs altitude: ρ(h) = 1.225 × (1 − 2.2558×10⁻⁵ × h)^4.2559 [kg/m³]
Energy recycling multiplier: M = 1/(1 − η_recycle)
Effective capacity: E_eff = E_stored × M [J]
Gyroscopic torque: τ = Iω × Ω_precession [N·m]
Tip speed: v_tip = ω × r [m/s]
Charge time: t = E_stored / P_charge [s]
Moment of inertia (solid cylinder): I = ½mr² [kg·m²]
Angular velocity: ω = RPM × 2π/60 [rad/s]
Usable energy: E_usable = ½I(ω_max² − ω_min²) [J]
AFSG power output: P = m_afsg × ρ_power [kW]
Aerodynamic drag power: P_drag = ½ρC_dAv³ [W]
Air density vs altitude: ρ(h) = 1.225 × (1 − 2.2558×10⁻⁵ × h)^4.2559 [kg/m³]
Energy recycling multiplier: M = 1/(1 − η_recycle)
Effective capacity: E_eff = E_stored × M [J]
Gyroscopic torque: τ = Iω × Ω_precession [N·m]
Tip speed: v_tip = ω × r [m/s]
Charge time: t = E_stored / P_charge [s]
Constants
g = 9.80665 m/s²
ρ_air (sea level) = 1.225 kg/m³
1 lb = 0.453592 kg
1 mph = 0.44704 m/s
1 ft = 0.3048 m
1 kWh = 3.6 MJ = 3,600,000 J
1 MJ = 0.278 kWh
ρ_air (sea level) = 1.225 kg/m³
1 lb = 0.453592 kg
1 mph = 0.44704 m/s
1 ft = 0.3048 m
1 kWh = 3.6 MJ = 3,600,000 J
1 MJ = 0.278 kWh